Controversial Issues in Adventure Programming

Part I.Enduring Issues in Adventure Programming

Issue 1. Do the benefits of adventure programming outweigh the risks?

Issue 2. Should principles of challenge-by-choice be integral to all adventure program experiences?

Issue 3. Does the concept of transfer of learning sufficiently explain the way outcomes of adventure programming are generalized to other areas of participants' lives?

Issue 4. Should there be a professional certification in outdoor leadership?

Issue 5. Should programs be accredited to ensure that they adhere to industry standards?

Issue 6. Should motorized outdoor adventure pursuits be included in adventure programming?

Issue 7. Should individuals with disabilities be fully accommodated in adventure programming?

Issue 8. Should people of color be encouraged to participate in current outdoor adventure programs?

Issue 9. Can adventure programming make a meaningful difference in promoting health and wellness in society?

Issue 10. Does technology compromise the wilderness experience?

Part II.Contemporary and Emerging Issues

Issue 11. Should extreme sports, such as BASE jumping and other high-risk sports, be included in adventure programming?

Issue 12. Should nonprofit and educational programs be required to obtain permits to use public land?

Issue 13. Should Wilderness First Responder be the standard of care for wilderness leadership?

Issue 14. Should wilderness program staff always accompany their participants?

Issue 15. Should transgender youths be encouraged to favor specialized camps over mainstream camps?

Issue 16. Does Leave No Trace make a difference beyond the scope of backcountry environmental practices?

Issue 17. Are educational reform policies that stress standards and accountability compatible with pedagogical aims and practice in outdoor education?

Issue 18. Are rational decision-making models the most effective method to train novice outdoor leaders?

Issue 19. Is it possible to effectively accomplish the goals of outdoor education through online programming?

Issue 20. Is outcomes-based research currently more important than critical research for the field of adventure programming?

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