Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science

Tribute to Michael E. Houston

Part I. Proteins and Enzymes: The Basis of Biochemistry

Chapter 1. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Nature of Amino Acids
Characteristics of Peptides
Structure of Proteins
Proteomics
Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter 2. Enzymes
Enzymes as Catalysts
Rates of Enzymatic Reactions
Enzyme Cofactors
Classification of Enzymes
Oxidations and Reductions
Protein Transporters
Regulation of Enzyme Activity
Measurement of Enzyme Activity
Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter 3. Gene Transcription and Protein Synthesis
DNA and RNA
Transcription
Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA
Translation
Posttranslational Processing of Polypeptides
Protein Degradation
Regulation of Gene Expression in Exercise and Training
Chapter Wrap-Up

Part II. Metabolism: Regulation and Adaptation to Exercise and Training

Chapter 4. Energy Systems and Bioenergetics
Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle
Energy-Rich Phosphates
Energy Systems
Bioenergetics
Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter 5. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Overview of Metabolism
Mitochondria
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Coupled Phosphorylation
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Quantification of Redox Reactions
Oxidants and Antioxidants
Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter 6. Carbohydrate and Related Metabolism
Carbohydrates
Cellular Uptake of Glucose
Phosphorylation of Glucose
Glycolysis
Glycogen Metabolism
Lactate Metabolism
Oxidation of Cytoplasmic NADH
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Signaling Pathways
Carbohydrate, Exercise Performance, and Fatigue
Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter 7. Lipid Metabolism
Types of Lipids
Fat Storage and Metabolism
Oxidation of Fatty Acids
Oxidation of Ketone Bodies
Synthesis of Fatty Acids
Fat as Fuel for Exercise
Metabolism During Exercise: Fat Versus Carbohydrate
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Tissue
Cholesterol
Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter 8. Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism
Degradation of Amino Acids
Urea Cycle
Fate of Amino Acid Carbon Skeletons
Amino Acid Metabolism During Exercise
Additional Roles for Amino Acids
Dietary Protein, Amino Acids, and Muscle Mass
Chapter Wrap-Up

Appendix. Answers to Review Questions

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• Biologia humana
• Fisiologia
• Anatomia

Biochemistry;exercise science;exercise physiology;gene expression;proteomics;signaling mechanisms;metabolism;bioenergetics;nutrition;protein synthesis;mitochondria;muscle contraction;fatigue;adaptations;chemistry